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In  Seven Layers of Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) Model  lesson, you will learn about the seven layers of OSI model and their functions If network communications need to happen with out any trouble, many problems must be solved. Coordinating all these problems are so complex and not easy to manage. To make these tasks smooth, in 1977 the International Standards Organization (ISO) proposed the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) network model. The Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model breaks down the problems involved in moving data from one computer to another computer. Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model categorizes these hundreds of problems to Seven Layers. A layer in Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model is a portion that is used to categorize specific problems. Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) Seven Layered reference model is only just a reference model. All the problems which are related to the communications are answered by specific protocols o...

A number of improvements and additions have been made to Windows Server 2008. In this article we would discuss about those features. Server Manager The Server Manager not only provides quick access to many of the management snap-ins, but it also includes quick access to the Add New Roles Wizard and enables you to view the services that are installed and running in association with a particular server role. Server would automatically launch it just after the installation of server 2008. This would allow you to view the roles that are currently installed on the server and also provides easy access to settings such as the time zone, the computer name and domain membership, automatic updates, and the server's network interfaces. You could launch it in following ways Start ==> Administrative Tools==>Server Manager Right-click Computer in the Start menu and select Manage execute this command ServerManagerCmd.exe Server Core Server Core allows you to install only ...

The Raspberry Pi Linux computer is just as good as a headless computer as it is connected to a TV. Whilst it's trivial to connect to a HDMI TV or even an analogue TV there are a number of questions from people trying to configure the Raspberry Pi in a headless mode without a monitor attached. I have already provided a tutorial to configuring the Raspberry Pi as a headless web server, but in that the initial configuration was done with the Pi connected to a TV / monitor. In this tutorial I am going to configure the Raspberry Pi without needing any kind of monitor attached. The first thing to be aware is that it is far easier to perform the configuration with a monitor or TV attached, and in the case of a problem it's far easier to fix by being able to see the console messages. It's trivial to connect a TV to the Raspberry Pi and a monitor can be attached with a fairly inexpensive adapter cable. This is based on the Debian Wheezy distribution. The earlier (Sque...

This tutorial works through an example of how IP aliasing can be used to provide multiple network addresses on a single physical interface. This demonstrates using IP version 4 addresses only. Most distributions include IP aliasing compiled into the kernel. If that is not the case for your particular distro then you can load the module using the insmod command. One reason for using this could be to make a computer look as though it is multiple computers, so for example you could have one server that is acting as both a gateway (router) and a DHCP server and DNS using 3 different IP addresses, perhaps with a future plan to use a hardware router and to move the functionality to seperate DNS and DHCP servers. Or indeed the opposite you could decide to replace the 3 different hardware devices with a single server to reduce the administration overhead. In this case you can have 3 different addresses which are all on the same computer without having to install lots of physical networ...

Introduction This reference guide will discuss the basics of TCP/IP networking. Although intended for an audience of Linux users and administrators, the contents of this will apply equally to other operating systems or networking devices. A future tutorial will provide the specific commands and files which provide the configuration on Linux systems. Although there are other types of network this guide will only cover TCP/IP networking. With the success of the Internet this is the dominant protocol in use almost exclusively today. This is primarily aimed at the current IP Version 4, although an introduction to IP Version 6 is included. A shortage of remaining IPV4 addresses is encouraging a more agressive push towards IPV6 over the next few years. TCP/IP Networking TCP/IP is an abbreviation for Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol. It is a set of protocols that define how two or more computers can communicate with each other. The protocol is effectively a set of rules that...